SECOND DAY ( THE MOST CHALLENGING DAY)

Normally people are afraid of the second day in the Inca Trail because they really don’t know how the real difficult of this day is.

Some people say:

I like to travel around the world especially I love to walk all day if it’s possible.

I like the mountains and in my opinion the best way to get into machupicchu, is walking into the impressive Inca trail.

Mind over matter and with a positive mental attitude PMA. You should go to places that you have never imagined to go.

HOW MANY KM ARE WE GOING TO WALK?

From the first campsite called Wayllabamba until the second campsite called Pacaymayo there are just 12 km.

AFTER ONE HOUR WALKING:

You're going to feel a slight fatigue because the way is not much difficult.

AFTER TWO MORE HOURS WALKING:

The route will be more difficult with steeper slopes and you will feel more tired.

THE LAST THREE HOURS TOWARD THE HIGHEST PART CALLED "THE DEAD WOMAN’S PASS".

The route will be the most difficult with steeper slopes and if you are a little smart you will mentally shout: positive mental attitude and mind over matter.

TWO HOURS WALKING DOWN UNTIL PACAYMAYO CAMPSITE.

You will continue walking down around two hours. Full stone staircases. It’s also considered difficult.

WHAT'S ABOUT THE ANCIENT CUSCO CITY

One million two hundred thousand years ago Cusco was covered with a lake called MORKILL, in 1911 The geologist Herbert Gregory and Osteologist George Eaton they made excavation in places that surround Cusco and they found fossil remains of that period, they found for example remains of the GLIPTODONTE, MASTODONTE, BISONTE, MAMUT, DIENTES DE SABLE, MACRAUCHENIA, MEGATERIUM, ETC, for this reason we are going to consider that Cusco covered with a big Lake. (In the Pleistocene period of the cuaternaria age).

12000 years ago in Cusco there existed the PRECERAMIC period and so that they started to develop human settlement and regional states.

The PRE CERAMIC period started 5000 years ago, as its name say in this period, works in ceramic there had not existed and the Andean people started to be farmers, gardeners, collectors, hunters that lived in high places of Cusco valley. They only had works made in stones.

They began to dominate the nature and they started to live more time in a specific site (Qhorqa, Chawaytiri, Canchis, Yauri, Chumbivilcas ) and they began to initiate the sedentary system and they left the nomadic system and start to appear human settlements and regional states in Cusco regions.

HUMAN SETTLEMENT OF MARCAVALLE AND CHANAPATA (1000 BC - 0 YEARS AGO)
MARCAVALLE

They lived approximately 1000 year ago (BEFORE CHRIST) and they lie 3 km to the south of Cusco, they expanded by all Cusco valley, and they started to develop the agriculture in warm zones, the grazing of auquenidos in high zones.

You have to know that they were the first that created the "AYLLUS" (basis of social organization) and the whole valley was led by the Gerontocracy.

CHANAPATA

Located in the north of Cusco (the ancient Karmenca now called Santa Ana) they developed 800 years ago (BEFORE CHRIST), they started to acquire the knowledge, technology of Marcavalle, the social organization and finally its territory.

They made work in ceramics; they made feline sculptures and using the red, black and white colors.

REGIONAL STATES OF CUSCO VALLEY.

KILLKI

it dates 800 years ago,(AFTER CHRIST) its main place of develop was 5km away Qoricancha temple (Pillaw in from of the District of San Sebastian). They expanded until Quispicanchis located at 46 km to the south of Cusco. And Quillabamba, 269 Km to the north of Cusco. Its main ceremonial center was built in the temple of Qoricancha. It means that the Incas used the ceremonial place of Killki.

QOTACALLI

It dates 600 years ago(AFTER CHRIST), its diffusion center was in Arahuay ( district of Santiago, its works in ceramics were interesting, they used the cream color, finely decorated with red and white color that made Anthropomorphic designs.

They develop a better architectonical work that Killki.

Their buildings were made with sandstone, the sandstone was used unpolished only mortar, mud, straw and their buildings had rectangular shapes.

WARI INVASION

Its main center was Ayacucho, and they date 750 years ago,(AFTER CHRIST) they started to conquer the Killkis, they began to build administrative centers like PIQUILLACTA in Cusco, they domine until 1000 years(AFTER CHRIST, finally they were expelled by the confederacy Killke -Lucre.

LUCRE

It dates 1000 years ((AFTER CHRIST), it located in Quispichachis, south of Cusco.

They started to build with andesite stone, limestone, the diorite; all they well-polished.